"Program impacts are measured by assesing whether a program changes the mean value of an outcome variable among participants compared with what the outcome would have been had they not participated. The central evaluation problem then is that program participants cannot be simultaneously observed in the alternative state of no participation (the counterfactual). Evaluators tipically simulate the counterfactual by comparing program participants (the treatment group) with a control or comparison group with similar characteristics"
Rawlings, L., & Rubio, G. (2005). "Evaluating the Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs". The World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 39-40.
Este es uno de los pocos casos en que se puede hablar de una intervención o shock que causa un efecto sobre las variables sociales del grupo sujeto al tratamiento. Atanassio hizo un estudio de este tipo para el programa de Familias en Acción de Colombia.
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